Which vessels may impede traffic separation?

Traffic separation schemes are designed to facilitate the safe and orderly movement of vessels in busy waterways. Certain types of vessels may have operational characteristics or activities that can disrupt the flow of traffic. Among these, cable layers and buoy tenders are particularly notable because their work often involves stationary or slow-moving activities that can block navigation channels or traffic lanes. This is especially true when they are engaged in tasks like laying cable or maintaining buoys, which can result in temporary obstruction of a designated shipping route.

Cable layers, with their specialized equipment, may require a significant amount of water area for their functions, and buoy tenders often need to maneuver in a way that creates potential hazards for passing vessels. Their operational requirements necessitate a level of caution and awareness from other mariners, as they may not be able to quickly relocate or change course if needed.

In contrast, the other types of vessels mentioned in the other options typically move through the water without engaging in activities that would impede the traffic separation schemes in a significant way. Overall, the correct identification of cable layers and buoy tenders highlights the importance of understanding the varying impacts that different vessels can have in busy maritime environments.